Retinopathy of Prematurity

What is ROP?

ROP is a condition where the blood vessels in the retina (the light - sensitive tissue at the back of the eye) don't develop normally. This can lead to scarring, retinal detachment, and vision loss if left untreated.

Causes and Risk Factors

Premature birth, especially before 34 weeks of gestation, is the main risk factor for ROP. Other factors include low birth weight, oxygen therapy, and certain medical conditions.

Screening and Timing

It is recommended to have ROP screening done for all babies born before 34 weeks of gestation or weighing less than 2000 grams. The first screening usually occurs between 31 - 33 weeks of postmenstrual age (PMA).
Regular follow - ups are crucial to monitor the condition.

Screening Technique

ROP screening involves a gentle examination of the retina using a specialized instrument. Your baby's eyes will be dilated, and an eye specialist (ophthalmologist) will examine the retina for any signs of ROP.

Treatment Options

If If ROP is detected, can prevent vision loss.

Options include:

• Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections: Medications that help stop the growth of abnormal blood vessels.
• Laser photocoagulation: A procedure that uses a laser to destroy abnormal blood vessels.
• Cryotherapy: A procedure that uses freezing temperatures to destroy abnormal blood vessels

Good News

With timely screening and treatment, most babies with ROP recover fully, and severe vision loss is rare. Regular follow - ups with an ophthalmologist are essential to ensure the best outcomes.

What Can You Do?

As a parent, you play a vital role in your baby's eye health. Make sure to:

• Attend all scheduled ROP screenings.
• Ask your baby's healthcare team about ROP and any concerns you may have.
• Follow up with the ophthalmologist as recommended.

Stay informed and working with your baby's healthcare team, to help ensure the best possible outcome.

Sources

• American Academy of Pediatrics. (2020). Screening Examination of Premature
  Infants for Retinopathy of Prematurity.
• National Eye Institute. (2020). Retinopathy of Prematurity.
• Royal College of Ophthalmologists. (2019). Retinopathy of Prematurity:
  Guidelines for Screening and Treatment