Age Related Macular Degeneration

What is age related macular degeneration

AMD occurs when the macula
deteriorates, causing vision loss and distortion. There are two types:

1. Dry AMD: Gradual deterioration of the macula.
2. Wet AMD: Abnormal blood vessel growth under the macula

Causes and Risk Factors

AMD is associated with:

• Age (more common in people over 50)
• Family history
• Smoking
• High blood pressure
• High cholesterol

Indications and Symptoms

Symptoms of AMD may include:

• Blurred vision
• Distorted vision (straight lines appear wavy)
• Blind spots
• Difficulty reading or recognizing faces

Screening and Timing

The American Academy of Ophthalmology recommends:

• Comprehensive eye exams every 2 - 4 years for people over 40
• Annual exams for people over 55 or with a family history

Screening Technique

A comprehensive eye exam includes:

1. Visual acuity test
2. Dilated eye exam (where your pupils are widened with eye drops)
3. Retinal imaging (photographs of the retina)

Treatment Option

While there's no cure, treatment can slow disease progression:

1. Vitamins and supplements: Certain nutrients may slow dry AMD progression.
2. Anti - vascular endothelial growth factor (anti - VEGF) injections: Medications that help stop abnormal blood vessel growth in wet AMD.
3. Laser treatment: To destroy abnormal blood vessels.

Good News

While AMD can cause vision loss, many people can adapt and maintain their independence. With regular eye exams and proper treatment, you can slow disease progression and protect your vision.

What Can You do?

1. Schedule regular eye exams
2. Eat a balanced diet rich in omega - 3s and leafy greens
3. Quit smoking and manage your blood pressure and cholesterol

By staying proactive and working with your healthcare team, you can reduce the risk of complications and maintain your vision.